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Trajectory-controlled high-order harmonic generation in ZnO crystals.

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    We studied high-order harmonic generation in zinc oxide crystals using lasers. We found that electron dephasing time can be controlled and determined, offering new insights into solid-state physics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Solid-state physics
    • Quantum optics
    • Attosecond science

    Background:

    • High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids is a complex quantum phenomenon.
    • Understanding electron dynamics and trajectory interference is crucial for controlling HHG.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally and theoretically investigate HHG in zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals.
    • To map harmonic trajectories to spatial distributions and analyze their divergence.
    • To control electron dephasing time and trajectory interference on the attosecond timescale.

    Main Methods:

    • Irradiating ZnO crystals with mid-infrared lasers.
    • Mapping harmonic trajectories to far-field spatial distributions.
    • Theoretical modeling of coherent interference between short and long electron trajectories.
    • Utilizing one-color or two-color laser configurations for control.

    Main Results:

    • Divergence angles of on-axis and off-axis harmonics show distinct dependencies on harmonic order.
    • Theoretical reproduction of observations via coherent interference with dephasing time > 0.5 optical cycle.
    • Accurate control of short and long trajectory contributions using laser color configurations on the attosecond timescale.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a reliable method for determining electron dephasing time in solids.
    • Demonstrates versatile control over trajectory interference in solid HHG.
    • Offers potential for advanced applications in attosecond science and materials research.