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Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
Published on: January 7, 2022
Overcoming the Trade-Off between Optical Transmittance and Areal Capacitance of Transparent Supercapacitors for
Ilhwan Ryu1, Geunpyo Choe1, Hyemin Kwon1
1Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
Abstract:
It is substantially challenging for transition metal oxide nanoparticle (NP)-based electrodes for supercapacitors to achieve high transparency and large capacity simultaneously due to the inherent trade-off between optical transmittance (T) and areal capacitance (CA ). This study demonstrates how this trade-off limitation can be overcome by replacing some electrode NPs with transparent tin oxide (SnO2 ) NPs. Although SnO2 NPs are non-capacitive, they provide effective paths for charge transport, which simultaneously increase the CA and T550nm of the manganese oxide (Mn3 O4 ) NP electrode from 11.7 to 13.4 mF cm-2 and 82.1% to 87.4%, respectively, when 25 wt% of Mn3 O4 are replaced by SnO2 . The obtained CA values at a given T are higher than those of the transparent electrodes previously reported. An energy storage window fabricated using the mixed-NP electrodes exhibits the highest energy density among transparent supercapacitors previously reported. The improved energy density enables the window to operate various electronic devices for a considerable amount of time, demonstrating its applicability in constructing a reliable and space-efficient building-integrated power supply system.
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