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Congenital Heart Disease: Would It Be the Key Driver of Infant Survival During Amrit Kaal (2022-2047)?

Arun K Baranwal1, Shankar Prinja2, Navpreet Kaur3

  • 1Department of Pediarics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. Correspondence to: Prof Arun Kumar Baranwal, HDF Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160 012. baranwal1970@gmail.com.

Indian Pediatrics
|February 14, 2023
PubMed

Insights

India faces a critical challenge in improving survival rates for birth defects, particularly congenital heart disease (CHD). Addressing the burden of CHD is essential for child survival in India.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • India has achieved significant progress in childhood survival post-independence but shows poor improvement in survival rates for birth defects.
  • Birth defects are a major contributor to under-5 mortality in India, with congenital heart disease (CHD) being the most common cause of these deaths.
  • A substantial demand-supply gap exists in pediatric cardiac care due to a scarcity of specialists and centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant burden of congenital heart disease (CHD) in India.
  • To emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies at all healthcare levels to manage CHD.
  • To explore the potential of existing government health programs in addressing CHD.

Main Methods:

  • This study analyzes the current landscape of childhood survival and birth defect-related mortality in India.
  • It reviews the impact of congenital heart disease (CHD) on infant mortality rates.
  • The study examines the implications of healthcare professional and facility shortages in pediatric cardiac care.

Main Results:

  • India bears the largest global proportion of under-5 deaths, with birth defects, especially CHD, being a leading cause.
  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death related to birth defects and the 7th leading cause of infant mortality.
  • There is a critical shortage of pediatric cardiac care professionals and centers, creating a significant demand-supply gap.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent and imperative steps are needed to address the burden of congenital heart disease (CHD) in India during Amrit Kaal (2022-2047).
  • Integrating CHD management into national health initiatives like Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram, Rashtriya Bal Suraksha Karyakram, and Ayushman Bharat holds significant promise.
  • The successful implementation of programs like Kerala's Hridayam program demonstrates the potential for improving outcomes in pediatric cardiac care.

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