Immunization status in patients with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional, monocenter study in Austria

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Neurology
• Public Health

Background:

• Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on disease-modifying therapies (DMT) face increased infection risks and diminished vaccine responses.
• Pre-treatment assessment of immunization status and timely vaccination are recommended for MS patients starting DMT.
• This study investigated immunization rates and associated factors in MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the immunization status of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
• To identify factors influencing vaccination rates in MS patients.
• To inform strategies for improving vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

• A prospective, single-center study included 424 MS patients over 14 months.
• Immunization status was assessed via vaccination certificates and patient questionnaires.
• Antibody levels against seven antigens were measured in peripheral blood samples.

Main Results:

• High vaccination rates for tetanus (94%), diphtheria (92%), and polio (90%).
• Low rates for influenza (10%), pneumococcal (6%), meningococcal (4%), and varicella (1%).
• Higher vaccination rates correlated with younger age, relapsing-remitting MS, and higher education; misinformation was linked to lower rates.

Conclusions:

• A significant proportion of MS patients do not meet recommended vaccination guidelines.
• Interventions to boost vaccination rates, especially before DMT initiation, are necessary.
• Addressing misinformation is key to improving vaccine adherence in MS patients.