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Related Concept Videos

Experimental Designs01:16

Experimental Designs

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An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Data Collection by Experiments01:13

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Data collection is a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. An experimental study is a standard method of data collection that involves the manipulation of the samples by applying some form of treatment prior to data collection. It refers to manipulating one variable to determine its changes on another variable. The sample subjected to treatment is known as “experimental units.”
An example of the experimental method is a public...
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The Scientific Method01:32

The Scientific Method

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The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.
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Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Scientific novelty beyond the experiment.

John E Hallsworth1, Zulema Udaondo2, Carlos Pedrós-Alió3

  • 1Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.

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Theory-based research drives scientific novelty in biology, complementing experimental work. This approach is crucial for tackling complex challenges like climate change and advancing scientific understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Astrobiology
  • Planetary Health

Background:

  • While experimental work dominates biology, theory-based research offers novel insights.
  • This study examines the role of theoretical approaches in various biological fields.
  • It also considers analyses of genomic data and climate change impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To appraise the significance of theory-based research in biology.
  • To explore how theoretical approaches drive scientific novelty.
  • To assess the role of human engagement in scientific innovation.

Main Methods:

  • Review and appraisal of theory-based research studies.
  • Analysis of historical and recent scientific contributions.
  • Case studies from microbiology, including research during COVID-19 lockdowns.
  • Interviews with researchers.

Main Results:

  • Theory-based approaches are vital for scientific progress and novelty.
  • They can transcend disciplinary barriers and counteract reductionism.
  • Human engagement remains essential for innovation, even with AI.
  • Theoretical studies can overcome limitations of practical experimentation.

Conclusions:

  • Theory-based research is a robust route to scientific novelty.
  • It is crucial for addressing complex global challenges like climate change.
  • Integrating theoretical and experimental approaches enhances scientific discovery.