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Type and dose-response effect of adverse childhood experiences in predicting depression: A systematic review and
1Nursing Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
Background:
Researchers have documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adverse long-term consequences for mental health, including increased risk for depression. However, the type and dose-response effects of ACE on depression risk need further exploration.
Objective:
We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the relationship between ACEs measured by ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and depression in type and quantity.
Participants And Setting:
Individuals with ACEs.
Methods:
A systematic search was carried out of all published articles, up to November 2022, in eight electronic databases. Fixed- and random-effect models and dose-response were used.
Results:
Exposure to ACEs, including household dysfunction, was associated with a higher risk of depression (ORs ranged from 1.34 to 3.17). The numbers of ACE acted as a nonlinear predictor of depression.
Conclusions:
These analyses provided important evidence that ACEs, regardless of type or quantity, may be a risk factor for depression development. Prevention of ACEs and interventions for supporting those affected by ACEs are necessary.
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