Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

136
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
136
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

2.8K
The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
2.8K
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

2.8K
Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
2.8K
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

249
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
249
Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

Biological Influences on Intelligence

171
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
171
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

179
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
179

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acute-Phase Amantadine Treatment in Children with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Dual-Center Cohort Study.

Turkish archives of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Biallelic ATG9B Variants Define a Novel Autophagy-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Cerebellar Ataxia.

Genes·2026
Same author

The Bright Side of the Spectrum: Self-Limited Infantile Epilepsy-Related SCN8A Gof Variant.

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Atypical Biallelic Inheritance in "Dominant" Genes: Evidence From a Large-Scale Consanguineus Exome Cohort.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A·2026
Same author

Not Just for Adults: Transient Global Amnesia is Rare-But Possible-in Children.

Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology·2026
Same author

Neurodevelopmental Assessment, EEG Findings and Epilepsy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Study.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs
10:47

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs

Published on: March 2, 2018

10.1K

Shared Biological Pathways and Processes in Patients with Intellectual Disability: A Multicenter Study.

Çağatay Günay1, Duygu Aykol1, Özlem Özsoy1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.

Neuropediatrics
|February 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Identifying biological pathways for intellectual disability (ID) is crucial for developing therapies. This study found shared pathways like lysine degradation and nicotine addiction, offering potential therapeutic targets for ID.

More Related Videos

Studying Protein Function and the Role of Altered Protein Expression by Antibody Interference and Three-dimensional Reconstructions
11:57

Studying Protein Function and the Role of Altered Protein Expression by Antibody Interference and Three-dimensional Reconstructions

Published on: April 21, 2016

6.7K
A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information
05:01

A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information

Published on: July 1, 2020

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs
10:47

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs

Published on: March 2, 2018

10.1K
Studying Protein Function and the Role of Altered Protein Expression by Antibody Interference and Three-dimensional Reconstructions
11:57

Studying Protein Function and the Role of Altered Protein Expression by Antibody Interference and Three-dimensional Reconstructions

Published on: April 21, 2016

6.7K
A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information
05:01

A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information

Published on: July 1, 2020

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic causes of intellectual disability (ID) are increasingly identified.
  • Biological pathways for potential molecular therapies remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify shared biological pathways and processes associated with intellectual disability (ID) using enrichment analyses.
  • To uncover potential therapeutic targets for ID.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized enrichment analyses (Disease Ontology, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) on causative genes from 558 ID patients.
  • Excluded patients with chromosomal abnormalities, non-ID genes, novel genes, or multiple gene changes.

Main Results:

  • Identified 18 shared pathways, with lysine degradation and nicotine addiction being most prevalent.
  • Disease Ontology analysis highlighted ID as the most common term.
  • Gene Ontology analysis revealed significant terms including regulation of membrane potential, ion channel complex, and voltage-gated ion channel activity.

Conclusions:

  • Lysine degradation, nicotine addiction, and thyroid hormone signaling pathways are promising research avenues for targeted ID therapies.
  • These pathways represent potential targets for future molecular interventions in intellectual disability.