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Summary

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is now indicated for more patients, expanding beyond gastrointestinal failure. Recent findings show PN has similar complication rates to enteral nutrition (EN), broadening its use.

Keywords:
Clinical outcomeCritical illnessGastro-intestinal failureIndicationIndirect calorimetryNutrition therapyParenteral nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Medical Nutrition Therapy

Background:

  • Parenteral nutrition (PN) was historically limited due to perceived risks.
  • Enteral nutrition (EN) was the preferred route for most patients.
  • Advancements in PN formulations and delivery have improved safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current indications and contraindications for PN.
  • To evaluate the impact of recent clinical findings on PN use.
  • To compare complication rates between PN and EN.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical findings and studies on PN.
  • Analysis of the evolution of PN substrate composition and delivery methods.
  • Comparison of complication rates between enteral and intravenous nutrition therapy.

Main Results:

  • PN complication rates are now comparable to EN.
  • PN indications have expanded beyond complete GI failure.
  • Expanded indications include insufficient EN, malabsorption, and specific nutritional needs unmet by EN.

Conclusions:

  • PN is a safer and more viable option than previously thought.
  • The use of PN should be considered in a wider range of clinical scenarios.
  • Evidence supports broadening PN indications based on comparable safety profiles to EN.