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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.7K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

4.2K
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
4.2K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.1K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.1K
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

3.5K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
3.5K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

2.3K
The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
2.3K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

2.7K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
2.7K

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Swollen and painful distal phalanx.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

C-arm-Free Simultaneous OLIF51 and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation in a Single Lateral Position
12:25

C-arm-Free Simultaneous OLIF51 and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation in a Single Lateral Position

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Multicentric Carpo-Tarsal Osteolysis.

Lea Tannouri1, Paolo Simoni2

  • 1ULB, BE.

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology
|February 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Multicentric carpo-tarsal osteolysis (MCTO) is a rare genetic bone disorder affecting children, causing severe destruction in wrist and ankle bones. Genetic testing for the MAFB gene mutation confirms the diagnosis, distinguishing it from other osteolytic conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multicentric carpo-tarsal osteolysis (MCTO) is a rare autosomal-dominant inherited condition.
  • It primarily affects children, leading to significant bone destruction and deformity, particularly in the carpal and tarsal bones.

Observation:

  • Radiographic imaging plays a crucial role in differentiating MCTO from other pediatric osteolytic joint diseases.
  • Severe osteolysis in the carpal and tarsal bones on radiographs should prompt consideration of MTCO.

Findings:

  • The definitive diagnosis of MCTO is established through the identification of a mutation in the MAFB gene.
  • This genetic confirmation is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.

Implications:

Keywords:
ChildrenJIAJoints

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  • Early and accurate diagnosis of MCTO is vital for appropriate patient management and genetic counseling.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of MCTO aids in differential diagnosis and may inform future therapeutic strategies.