Nanomaterials for Fluorescence and Multimodal Bioimaging.

Area of Science:

• Bioconjugated nanomaterials
• Nanomedicine
• Bioanalytical chemistry

Background:

• Bioconjugated nanomaterials are increasingly used in bioanalysis and bioimaging, both in vitro and in vivo.
• Various nanoparticles (silica, metals, semiconductors, polymers, supramolecular systems) are conjugated with contrast agents and drugs for image-guided therapy.
• Bioactive molecules like peptides, proteins, and DNA facilitate the interface of nanoconjugates with cells and tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advancements in the preparation and biological applications of bioconjugated nanomaterials.
• To highlight their use in molecular, cellular, and in vivo bioimaging and bioanalysis.
• To focus on monomodal and multimodal nanoprobes for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of various bioconjugated nanomaterials, including quantum dots, quantum clusters, iron oxide nanoparticles, and rare earth metal ion complexes.
• Conjugation of contrast agents and drugs to nanoparticles for image-guided therapy.
• Evaluation of molecular, cellular, and in vivo applications for bioimaging and bioanalysis.

Main Results:

• Bioconjugated nanomaterials are infiltrating preclinical and clinical settings for image-guided therapy.
• The development of nanodrugs and nanoprobes shows significant progress in bioimaging and bioanalysis.
• Monomodal and multimodal nanoprobes utilizing quantum dots, quantum clusters, iron oxide nanoparticles, and rare earth metal ions demonstrate diverse applications.

Conclusions:

• Bioconjugated nanomaterials represent a significant advancement over traditional molecular probes in bioanalysis and bioimaging.
• Addressing toxicity and pharmacokinetic challenges is essential for the clinical translation of nanodrugs and nanoprobes.
• Next-generation biocompatible contrast agents and drugs are critical for future therapeutic and diagnostic applications.