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Dissection, Culture, and Analysis of Xenopus laevis Embryonic Retinal Tissue
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Circuit mechanisms underlying embryonic retinal waves.

Christiane Voufo1, Andy Quaen Chen2, Benjamin E Smith3

  • 1Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.

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|February 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic retinal waves are mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and gap junctions. These early neural activities do not influence the developmental numbers or distribution of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs).

Keywords:
calcium imagingembryonicmouseneuroscienceretinaspontaneous activity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Retinal Physiology

Background:

  • Spontaneous activity, such as retinal waves, is crucial for developing neural systems.
  • Embryonic retinal waves (stage 1) are poorly understood compared to postnatal waves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal properties and underlying mechanisms of embryonic stage 1 retinal waves.
  • To determine the impact of stage 1 waves on the development of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a custom-built macroscope to record calcium transients in whole embryonic retinas.
  • Employed pharmacological blockers for gap junctions and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).
  • Compared ipRGC distribution in wild-type (WT) and beta2-nAChR knockout (β2-nAChR-KO) mice.

Main Results:

  • Stage 1 waves initiate at multiple retinal locations and propagate widely.
  • Blocking gap junctions or nAChRs significantly reduced or abolished stage 1 waves.
  • Stage 1 waves in β2-nAChR-KO mice showed altered propagation and were sensitive to gap junction blockers.
  • Developmental ipRGC density decrease was similar in WT and β2-nAChR-KO mice.

Conclusions:

  • Embryonic stage 1 retinal waves depend on a complex interplay of nAChRs and gap junctions.
  • Spontaneous activity during this embryonic stage does not affect ipRGC survival or spatial patterning.