Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2025
07:12
Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
Published on: April 16, 2015
52.4K
T helper cell subsets: diversification of the field
1Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.
European Journal of Immunology
|February 15, 2023
Summary
Polarized T helper cell (Th cell) responses are crucial for host protection but can cause disease. New technologies challenge traditional Th cell classifications, revealing tissue-specific regulation and potential therapeutic targets for immune disorders.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cellular Biology
- Systems Immunology
Background:
- T helper (Th) cell subsets are key to host defense, tailoring cytokine responses to antigens.
- Dysregulated Th cell responses can lead to tissue damage, allergy, and autoimmunity.
- Traditional Th cell subset classifications (Th1, Th2, Th17) are being re-evaluated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the functional heterogeneity of Th cell subsets.
- To discuss how new technologies challenge traditional Th cell classifications.
- To explore T-cell compartmentalization and its impact on regulation.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent technological advancements in single-cell genomics and proteomics.
- Analysis of high-dimensional bioinformatic datasets.
- Integration of systems immunology approaches and tissue microenvironment influences.
Main Results:
- New technologies challenge rigid Th cell subset boundaries.
- Peripheral tissue microenvironments differentially influence Th cell phenotype and regulation.
- Spatial distribution of Th cells (blood vs. lymphoid organs) impacts regulatory rules.
Conclusions:
- Functional heterogeneity and compartmentalization redefine Th cell subset understanding.
- Identifying regulatory checkpoints in tissue niches offers new therapeutic avenues.
- Potential for novel strategies to treat immune-mediated diseases by targeting Th cell regulation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:22T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
1.9K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
1.9K
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
1.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.2K
01:28Diversity of Antigen Receptors
712
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
712
01:24B Cell Activation and Differentiation
2.9K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
2.9K
01:20Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
964
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
964
01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
2.1K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
2.1K