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Transmission Electron Microscopy

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

Electronic metadevices for terahertz applications.

Mohammad Samizadeh Nikoo^1,2, Elison Matioli³

¹Power and Wide-Band-Gap Electronics Research Laboratory (POWERlab), Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. msamizadeh@ethz.ch.

|February 15, 2023

Summary

Researchers introduce electronic metadevices that overcome miniaturization limits by manipulating radiofrequency fields. These novel devices offer ultrafast speeds and high performance, paving the way for next-generation electronics.

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Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

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Area of Science:

Physics
Electrical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Traditional electronics evolution relies on device downscaling, facing limitations like high resistance and low operating frequencies.
Ultra-scaled devices encounter issues with carrier injection, parasitic capacitances, and limited power delivery due to high electric fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To challenge traditional electronic limitations and propose a new device concept: electronic metadevices.
To explore an alternative to electron-flow control by manipulating radiofrequency fields.

Main Methods:

Microscopic manipulation of radiofrequency fields.
Electrostatic control of collective electromagnetic interactions at deep subwavelength scales.

Main Results:

Electronic metadevices exhibit extraordinary electronic properties beyond traditional limits.
Achieved cutoff frequency figure-of-merit exceeding ten terahertz.
Demonstrated record high conductance, extremely high breakdown voltages, and picosecond switching speeds.

Conclusions:

Electronic metadevices present a new paradigm for ultrafast semiconductor devices.
This approach potentially bridges the gap between electronics and optics.
Enables a new class of electronic devices with significantly enhanced performance metrics.