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Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Published on: July 14, 2020

A low-cost PVC-based dual-modality kidney phantom.

Jeff Young¹, Maysam Shahedi^1,2, James D Dormer^1,2

¹Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering

|February 16, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces cost-effective, durable kidney phantoms made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizer and silicone. These realistic phantoms offer excellent contrast for both ultrasound and X-ray imaging, improving medical training and research.

Keywords:

additive manufacturing computed tomography (CT)kidney phantom mold casting polyvinyl chloride (PVC)renal biopsy silicone ultrasound imaging

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Biomaterials Science
Phantom Development

Background:

Phantoms are crucial for medical research and training, simulating human tissues.
Existing phantoms often lack durability or optimal imaging contrast.
Economical and realistic phantom materials are needed for dual-modality imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop economical, long-lasting kidney phantoms using polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-plasticizer and silicone rubbers.
To achieve adjustable radiodensity for optimal contrast in ultrasound (US) and X-ray imaging.
To establish a customizable phantom creation workflow adaptable to various organs.

Main Methods:

Characterized radiodensity of PVC-based gels for adjustable image intensity.
Employed a two-part molding process for internal kidney structures (medulla, ureter).
Imaged PVC and silicone phantoms using US and X-ray to compare contrast and performance.

Main Results:

PVC-based gels allowed adjustable contrast for US and X-ray imaging.
Silicone showed higher X-ray attenuation but poor US quality.
PVC-based phantoms demonstrated superior durability and shelf-life compared to agar-based phantoms.

Conclusions:

PVC-plasticizer and silicone rubbers are viable, economical materials for realistic kidney phantoms.
The developed workflow enables customizable, dual-modality imaging phantoms.
PVC-based phantoms offer extended usability, preserving anatomical detail and contrast at low cost.