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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Arc-driven mGRASP highlights CA1 to CA3 synaptic engrams.

B K B Murthy1,2,3, S Somatakis3, A F Ulivi1,3

  • 1Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|February 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored labeling synaptic engrams, the physical traces of memory, using a novel technique. The ArcCreERT2 system proved more effective than cFostTA for identifying these memory-related synaptic connections.

Keywords:
cellular engramdorsal hippocampusfear conditioningmGRASPsynaptic engram

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular engrams are neuronal subpopulations crucial for memory encoding and recall.
  • Synaptic connections between engram neurons, termed synaptic engrams, are vital memory substrates.
  • Labeling synaptic engrams requires targeting pre- and postsynaptic compartments of engram neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the transsynaptic GFP reconstitution system (mGRASP) for labeling synaptic engrams.
  • To compare the efficiency of mGRASP using different immediate-early gene (IEG) promoters (Arc and cFos) in hippocampal neurons.
  • To characterize the expression of cellular and synaptic labels in response to environmental exposure and memory tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mGRASP, a technique reconstituting fluorescent GFP across synaptic clefts.
  • Identified engram neurons using IEGs: Arc and cFos.
  • Employed transgenic ArcCreERT2 and viral cFostTA systems for genetic targeting.
  • Assessed mGRASP labeling following novel environment exposure and a hippocampal-dependent memory task.

Main Results:

  • mGRASP successfully labeled synaptic engrams between hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons.
  • Transgenic ArcCreERT2 mediated more efficient synaptic engram labeling compared to viral cFostTA.
  • Differences in labeling efficiency are likely attributable to the genetic systems rather than IEG promoter specificity.

Conclusions:

  • mGRASP is a viable tool for visualizing synaptic engrams in the hippocampus.
  • The ArcCreERT2 genetic system offers superior efficiency for synaptic engram labeling over cFostTA.
  • Further research into genetic system variations is warranted for optimizing synaptic engram visualization techniques.