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Related Concept Videos

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
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Racial Differences in Perceived Risk and Sunscreen Usage.

Rebecca Fliorent1, Alicia Podwojniak1, Lianne Adolphe1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, USA.

Cureus
|February 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

White individuals perceive higher skin cancer risk and use more sunscreen than other groups. Disparities in melanoma outcomes are linked to health literacy, not just doctor education.

Keywords:
ethnic groupshealthcare inequalitymelanomaprevention in primary careprimary care educationpublic health educationracial biasskin cancerssunscreen

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Melanoma incidence is higher in White individuals, but outcomes are worse in patients with skin of color.
  • Disparities stem from delayed diagnosis and treatment, influenced by clinical and sociodemographic factors.
  • Addressing these discrepancies is vital to reduce melanoma mortality in minority communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial disparities in perceived sun exposure risks and related behaviors.
  • To assess skin health knowledge across different racial groups.

Main Methods:

  • A 16-question survey was distributed via social media to gather data on skin health knowledge.
  • Over 350 responses were collected and analyzed using statistical software.

Main Results:

  • White respondents reported higher perceived risk of skin cancer, greater sunscreen use, and more frequent skin checks by primary care providers (PCPs).
  • No significant differences were found in the amount of sun exposure risk education provided by PCPs across racial groups.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest that inadequate dermatologic health literacy, influenced by public health campaigns and marketing, contributes to disparities.
  • Racial stereotypes, marketing biases, and public health messaging require further investigation.
  • Improved education tailored for communities of color is recommended to address these biases.