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A study of snuff carcinogenesis.

K D Brunnemann1, A Rivenson, J D Adams

  • 1American Health Foundation, Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, Valhalla, NY 10595.

IARC Scientific Publications
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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Snuff contains high levels of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), potent carcinogens. Other snuff compounds may inhibit the tumor-causing effects of these TSNA.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Snuff products contain high concentrations of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), exceeding those in other consumer products.
  • TSNA levels in dry snuff are comparable to those in moist snuff.
  • Four previously identified TSNA (NNN, NNK, NAT, NAB) and two newly detected TSNA (NNAl, iso-NNAl) were quantified in snuff.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify TSNA in snuff.
  • To assess the carcinogenic potential of NNN and NNK in animal models.
  • To investigate the influence of other snuff constituents on TSNA carcinogenicity.

Main Methods:

  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for TSNA identification and quantification.
  • Rats were orally swabbed with NNN and NNK mixtures and snuff extracts.

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  • Tumorigenesis in the oral cavity and lungs of rats was assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Oral swabbing with NNN and NNK induced oral and lung tumors in rats.
    • Snuff extracts containing NNN and NNK induced significantly fewer tumors.
    • These findings suggest that other snuff constituents may inhibit TSNA carcinogenicity.

    Conclusions:

    • TSNA are potent organ-specific carcinogens capable of inducing local tumors.
    • Snuff contains constituents that can inhibit the tumorigenic activity of TSNA.
    • Further research is needed to identify these inhibitory compounds and elucidate their mechanisms.