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Electrolysis03:00

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Typically, when alkenes react with halogens at low temperatures, an addition reaction occurs. However, upon increasing the temperature or under reaction conditions that form radicals, providing a low but steady concentration of halogen radicals, allylic substitution reaction is favored. This is because allylic hydrogens are very reactive as the formed intermediate is resonance stabilized. For example, when propene is treated with chlorine in the gas phase at 400 °C, it undergoes allylic...
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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High-Performing Atomic Electrocatalyst for Chlorine Evolution Reaction.

Miran Ha1, Pandiarajan Thangavel1, Ngoc Kim Dang1

  • 1Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new platinum single-atom catalyst (Pt-1) for the chlorine evolution reaction (ClER). This catalyst offers high selectivity, durability, and exceptional activity for chlorine production, outperforming industrial standards.

Keywords:
N-doped graphenePt single atomschlorine evolution reactionelectrocatalystsmetal single atom catalysts

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Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • The chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) is crucial for chlor-alkali industries, driving a global demand for efficient and cost-effective catalysts.
  • Existing industrial catalysts for chlorine production face limitations in performance and cost, necessitating advancements in electrocatalyst design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performing and selective electrocatalyst for the chlorine evolution reaction (ClER).
  • To investigate the catalytic activity and durability of platinum single atoms dispersed on nitrogen-doped graphene for ClER.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a novel electrocatalyst (Pt-1) featuring uniformly dispersed platinum single atoms (SAs) within C2N2 moieties of N-doped graphene.
  • Electrochemical evaluation of Pt-1 for ClER, including selectivity, durability, and activity measurements.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the reaction mechanism and predict catalytic performance.

Main Results:

  • Pt-1 demonstrated near 100% selectivity for ClER with remarkable long-term durability.
  • Achieved an extraordinary Cl2 production rate of 3500 mmol h−1 gPt−1 and >140,000-fold increased mass activity compared to industrial electrodes.
  • Required an ultralow overpotential of 5 mV at 1 mA cm−2 at 80 °C, aligning with DFT predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Pt-1 electrocatalyst exhibits superior performance for ClER, addressing the demand for efficient chlorine production.
  • Pt-1 shows significant potential as a next-generation catalyst for industrial chlor-alkali processes due to its high activity and low overpotential.