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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

238
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
238
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

507
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
507
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

235
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
235
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

391
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
391
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

750
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
750

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

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[Seizure detection devices - need for national guidelines].

Torbjörn Tomson1, Nadia Jarkas2, Johan Zelano3

  • 1senior professor, institutionen för klinisk neurovetenskap, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.

Lakartidningen
|February 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Seizure detection devices aim to prevent injuries and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). However, surveys reveal significant regional variations in their use, highlighting a need for national guidelines and a register.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Medical Device Technology

Context:

  • Epilepsy complications include seizure-related injuries and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).
  • Seizure detection devices are increasingly utilized to alert caregivers, though high-grade evidence for preventing SUDEP or injuries is lacking.
  • International guidelines for device prescription have been recently published.

Purpose:

  • To survey epilepsy teams regarding the prescription and dispensation of seizure detection devices across different regions.
  • To identify variations in the use of seizure detection devices among children and adults in tertiary epilepsy centers and technical aid centers.

Summary:

  • A survey conducted at six tertiary epilepsy centers and regional technical aid centers in Sweden revealed marked regional variations in the prescription and dispensation of seizure detection devices.
  • The study involved epilepsy teams for both pediatric and adult patients.
  • Findings indicate disparities in access and utilization of these devices.

Impact:

  • The study highlights the need for national guidelines and a national register for seizure detection devices.
  • Implementing national standards would promote equitable access to these devices.
  • A national register would facilitate improved follow-up and data collection on device effectiveness and usage.