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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: Types and Applications.

Hovhannes Hayrapetyan^1,2, Thao Tran¹, Eglis Tellez-Corrales¹

¹Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|February 16, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a versatile immunological method. This review details ELISA types, applications in research and diagnostics, and its role in detecting diseases like COVID-19.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Competitive ELISA Direct ELISA ELISA Indirect ELISA Sandwich ELISA

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Biochemistry

Background:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a widely utilized immunological assay.
It is crucial in basic research, clinical studies, and diagnostics.

Approach:

This review details ELISA methodology, including direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive formats.
It explains the antigen-antibody interactions and detection mechanisms.
The review covers advantages, disadvantages, and experimental variations.

Key Points:

ELISA techniques vary based on antigens, antibodies, substrates, and experimental conditions.
Applications include drug screening, pregnancy testing, disease diagnosis, biomarker detection, blood typing, and SARS-CoV-2 detection.
ELISA enables qualitative and quantitative detection of target molecules.

Conclusions:

ELISA is a fundamental technique with broad applications in clinical diagnostics and scientific research.
Its adaptability makes it invaluable for detecting various biomarkers and pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2.