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(Why) Is Misinformation a Problem?

Zoë Adams1, Magda Osman2,3,4, Christos Bechlivanidis5

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Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Misinformation research often overlooks its core problems. This study questions the direct causal link between misinformation and misbehavior, and challenges technological determinism in its spread.

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Area of Science:

  • Interdisciplinary studies of misinformation
  • Information science and technology impacts
  • Political science and liberal democracy

Background:

  • Proliferation of research on misinformation in the last decade.
  • Limited attention to the fundamental reasons why misinformation is a problem.
  • Need to examine causes and effects of misinformation across various disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze the causes and effects of misinformation.
  • To investigate the role of information technology in misinformation proliferation.
  • To assess the impact of misinformation on liberal democracy norms.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-disciplinary examination of misinformation research (computer science, economics, history, information science, journalism, law, media, politics, philosophy, psychology, sociology).
  • Critical analysis of the link between misinformation and observed effects.
  • Evaluation of the role of information technology advancements.
  • Historical epistemology perspective on intersubjectivity and truth.

Main Results:

  • The consensus view implicates information technology (Internet, social media) as a primary cause of misinformation.
  • Empirical evidence directly linking misinformation to specific misbehaviors remains unreliable; correlation may be mistaken for causation.
  • Technological advancements enable and reveal deviations from ground truths via new forms of intersubjectivity, which historical epistemology suggests is illusory.

Conclusions:

  • Doubts raised about the direct causality of effects and the nature of technological causes necessitate a re-evaluation of misinformation.
  • The study considers the costs to liberal democracy norms stemming from efforts to combat misinformation.
  • A nuanced understanding of misinformation's causes and effects is crucial for addressing its societal impact.