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Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over01:30

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Exon Recombination02:32

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Prediction of crossover recombination using parental genomes.

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Summary

Predicting plant recombination rates is now more accurate. A new model uses sequence identity to estimate chromosomal recombination, aiding plant breeding and the development of new varieties.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Meiotic recombination drives evolution and adaptation.
  • Plant breeding utilizes crossing to introduce genetic variation.
  • Existing methods struggle to predict recombination between specific plant accessions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a predictive model for local chromosomal recombination rates in rice.
  • To test the hypothesis that chromosomal recombination correlates with sequence identity.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a model using sequence identity and genome alignment features (variants, inversions, absent bases, CentO sequences).
  • Validated the model using an indica x japonica rice cross with 212 recombinant inbred lines.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average correlation of approximately 0.8 between predicted and experimental recombination rates across chromosomes.
  • Demonstrated the model's ability to characterize recombination rate variation along chromosomes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model accurately predicts local chromosomal recombination in rice.
  • This tool can enhance breeding programs by facilitating the creation of novel allele combinations and desirable traits.
  • The model offers a way to reduce costs and time in plant crossing experiments.