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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

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Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
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Directing smartphone use through the self-nudge app one sec.

David J Grüning1, Frederik Riedel2, Philipp Lorenz-Spreen3

  • 1Psychology Department, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The "one sec" app significantly reduces smartphone usage by adding a brief delay and choice before opening target apps. This self-nudging intervention decreased app openings by 57% and improved user satisfaction.

Keywords:
app usefield-experimentone seconline behaviorself-nudging

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Psychology
  • Digital Well-being

Background:

  • Excessive smartphone use is linked to negative physical, psychological, and performance outcomes.
  • Mindless app engagement poses a significant challenge for users seeking to manage their digital habits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the "one sec" self-nudging smartphone application in reducing target app usage.
  • To identify which psychological components of the "one sec" app are most effective in curbing app consumption.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-week field experiment with 280 participants collecting behavioral data and pre/post-intervention surveys.
  • A preregistered online experiment with 500 participants to test individual "one sec" features (deliberation, friction, dismissal option).

Main Results:

  • "one sec" reduced target app openings by 57% over six weeks.
  • 36% of attempted app openings were dismissed after the "one sec" intervention.
  • The option to dismiss app usage had the strongest impact; time delay had a moderate effect; deliberation messages were ineffective.

Conclusions:

  • The "one sec" app is an effective tool for reducing mindless smartphone usage.
  • User-reported satisfaction and time spent on apps improved post-intervention.
  • Providing users with a choice to dismiss engagement is a key factor in reducing digital consumption.