[Research progress of matrix stiffness in regulating endothelial cell sprouting]

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Cell Biology
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• Endothelial cell sprouting is crucial for angiogenesis and vascularization.
• The physical properties of the cellular microenvironment, particularly matrix stiffness, are increasingly recognized as key regulators of cell behavior.

Approach:

• This review extensively analyzes recent domestic and international literature on matrix stiffness and endothelial cell sprouting.
• It examines endothelial cell sprouting behaviors under varying matrix stiffness conditions and cell culture setups.
• The molecular mechanisms by which matrix stiffness modulates signaling pathways involved in endothelial cell sprouting are elaborated.

Key Points:

• In 2D cultures, increased matrix stiffness generally promotes endothelial cell sprouting within a specific range.
• The precise role of matrix stiffness in regulating endothelial cell sprouting and angiogenesis in 3D environments remains largely undetermined.
• Current research on molecular mechanisms primarily focuses on the YAP/TAZ pathway and its associated signaling molecules.

Conclusions:

• Matrix stiffness significantly impacts endothelial cell sprouting.
• The specific functions and molecular mechanisms underlying matrix stiffness regulation of endothelial cell sprouting in different environments (2D vs. 3D) require further investigation.