Optimal age targeting for pneumococcal vaccination in older adults; a modelling study
Deus Thindwa1,2,3, Samuel Clifford4,5, Jackie Kleynhans6,7
1Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. deus.thindwa@gmail.com.
Nature Communications
|February 16, 2023
Summary
Pneumococcal vaccination age recommendations vary by country. Earlier adult vaccination, particularly in low- and middle-income nations, can significantly reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) burden.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) risk rises with age in older adults.
- Pneumococcal vaccine benefits and immune response robustness decrease with advancing age.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the optimal age for a single-dose pneumococcal vaccination.
- To assess the impact of demographics, vaccine efficacy (VE), and waning VE on vaccination timing.
Main Methods:
- Utilized age- and vaccine-serotype-specific IPD surveillance data from adults ≥55 years old.
- Employed a cohort model combining IPD incidence, waning VE, and demographic data.
Main Results:
- Optimal vaccination age for greatest IPD prevention was 55 years in Brazil, Malawi, and South Africa, and 70 years in England.
- A smaller proportion of IPD cases occurred in adults <65 years old in England compared to Brazil, Malawi, and South Africa.
Conclusions:
- Pneumococcal vaccination timing significantly impacts IPD prevention.
- Earlier adult vaccination, especially in low/middle-income countries, can address substantial residual IPD burden.
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