Grain shape is a factor affecting the stigma exsertion rate in rice
Quanya Tan1,2, Songliang Chen1,2, Zhenpeng Gan1,2
1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Frontiers in Plant Science
|February 17, 2023
Summary
Grain shape significantly impacts stigma exsertion rate (SER) in rice, a crucial trait for hybrid rice breeding. A higher ratio of grain length to width (RLW) is key to increasing SER, aiding the development of improved male sterile lines (MSLs).
Area of Science:
- Plant Genetics and Breeding
- Crop Science
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Stigma exsertion rate (SER) is a critical indicator of outcrossing ability in rice, essential for developing male sterile lines (MSLs) used in hybrid rice production.
- Previous studies identified specific genes influencing grain shape, but their direct impact on SER was not fully elucidated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between grain shape regulatory genes and stigma exsertion rate (SER) in rice.
- To determine the influence of specific grain shape traits (length, width, ratio) on SER.
- To identify potential genetic resources for breeding MSLs with enhanced SER.
Main Methods:
- Utilized maintainer lines carrying specific genes (gs3, gs3/gw8) and single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) with genes for grain shape (gs3, gw5, GW7, gw8).
- Employed gene pyramiding lines to combine multiple grain shape genes.
- Analyzed the correlation between grain shape parameters (grain length, grain width, ratio of length to width - RLW) and SER using statistical analysis (R² values).
Main Results:
- Grain shape regulatory genes were found to have pleiotropic effects on SER.
- Grain shape parameters, particularly the ratio of length to width (RLW), significantly affected SER across different genetic backgrounds.
- The pyramiding line PL-gs3/GW7/gw8 exhibited the largest RLW and the highest SER, indicating its potential as a breeding resource.
Conclusions:
- Grain shape, especially RLW, is a significant factor influencing SER in rice, with higher RLW being beneficial for stigma exsertion.
- Grain shape regulatory genes also affect stigma shape, which in turn influences SER, though to a lesser extent.
- These findings provide valuable insights for breeding MSLs with improved outcrossing ability and high SER in hybrid rice programs.
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