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Diversity of Protists III01:27

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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Parallel evolution and cryptic diversification in a common and widespread Amazonian tree, Protium subserratum.

Tracy M Misiewicz1,2, Tracey Simmons3, Benjamin E Carter3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.

Molecular Ecology
|February 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common Amazonian trees may not be single species but complexes of evolving lineages. This study reveals at least eight distinct clades within Protium subserratum, challenging assumptions about dominant species' evolutionary cohesion.

Keywords:
Amazonecological divergencehyperdominancephylogeographyspecies complexwhite-sand soils

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The Amazon rainforest boasts high tree diversity, with common, widespread species playing key roles in ecosystem services.
  • It remains unknown if these dominant species comprise multiple clades on divergent evolutionary paths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lineage divergence within the common and widespread Amazonian tree species, Protium subserratum.
  • To determine if P. subserratum represents an evolutionarily cohesive unit or a species complex.

Main Methods:

  • Employed phylogenomic and population genomic methods.
  • Sampled Protium subserratum across its geographic range.
  • Analyzed genotypic and phenotypic variations linked to soil and geography.

Main Results:

  • Identified at least eight distinct clades within P. subserratum.
  • Observed independent evolution of white-sand soil specialization at least twice, with no phenotype-soil correlation.
  • Found cryptic diversity near the Andes linked to elevational shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Common Amazonian tree species may function as species complexes rather than cohesive evolutionary units.
  • These species complexes may be transitioning into multiple, range-restricted specialist species.
  • Findings challenge the view of dominant species as single evolutionary entities.