Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.5K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.9K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.9K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

58.9K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
58.9K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.3K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
17.3K
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

1.5K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
1.5K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.8K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
14.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural and Mechanistic Insights into the <i>O</i>‑Methyltransferase McbD in Marinacarboline Biosynthesis.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Spatiotemporal patterns and 2025 forecasting of other infectious diarrheal diseases in Beijing, China: a 21-year population-based study (2004-2024).

BMC public health·2026
Same author

Cross-Linked Quinuclidinium-Based Membranes Achieving Exceptional Alkaline Durability in Alkaline Zinc-Iron Flow Batteries.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Survival and Pathological Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy Followed by Surgery in Locally Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center·2026
Same author

Hyaluronic acid-gated copper-doped carbon dot nanozymes for on-demand release of multivalent copper ions and reactive oxygen species-mediated antibacterial activity.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Mechanisms underlying the amplification of chronic restraint stress vulnerability in adult mice by adolescent social isolation stress and the ameliorative effect of light treatment.

Behavioural brain research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.1K

Ultra-Thin 2D Ionic Salt Supported with Strong Hydrogen-Bonding Assisted Ionic Interaction.

Jiaxin Feng1, Ganbing Zhang1, Ju Wen1

  • 1Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a free-standing two-dimensional (2D) ionic salt, stabilized by hydrogen bonds. This discovery advances the creation of novel 2D materials and deepens understanding of hydrogen bonding interactions.

Keywords:
2D ionic saltshydrogen-bondingionic interationnatural bond orbital (NBO) analysisradicalstokes shift

More Related Videos

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
07:45

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

10.0K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.1K
Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
07:45

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

10.0K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials, inspired by graphene, face stability challenges in ultra-thin nanosheet forms.
  • Existing 2D materials often rely on strong covalent or coordination bonds for stability.
  • The free-standing existence of 2D ionic salts remains an open research question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of creating free-standing 2D ionic salts.
  • To understand the bonding mechanisms that enable the stability of such materials.
  • To explore the properties of novel 2D ionic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Exfoliation of a 4,4'-bipyridinium hydrochloride salt crystal to obtain a 2D ionic salt.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to verify bonding interactions.
  • Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis to elucidate electronic structure and bonding.

Main Results:

  • Successfully exfoliated a free-standing 2D ionic salt with a thickness of approximately 2 nm.
  • Identified strong N-H···Cl hydrogen bonding assisting ionic interactions (17.99 kcal mol⁻¹) as the key to stability.
  • Observed air-stable radicals within the salt crystal and red fluorescence in both solution and solid states, with large Stokes shifts (≈386 nm) in solution.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of creating stable, free-standing 2D ionic salts.
  • Highlighted the critical role of hydrogen bonding in stabilizing 2D ionic materials.
  • Opened new avenues for constructing advanced 2D materials and understanding intermolecular forces.