Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

582
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
582
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

21.2K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
21.2K
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

2.1K
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
2.1K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

438
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
438
Electrophiles02:28

Electrophiles

10.9K
This lesson explains the definition, classification, and characteristic features of an electrophile that are key features of nucleophilic substitution reactions. An analysis of their charge and orbital picture helps understand their reactivity for seeking electrons. Electrophiles can be classified into positive and neutral species. Other classes include free radicals and polar functional groups.
While a positive electrophile, like a proton, reacts due to its vacant, low-energy 1s orbital, the...
10.9K
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

639
EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
639

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in ethaline-like solvents.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Understanding the Propagation Step in a Photoredox Cycloaddition Chain Reaction.

ACS catalysis·2026
Same author

Tunable Dynamic Excimer Formation in Bisphenalenyl Derivatives through Molecular Packing.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

A low-spin manganese(II) complex with an emissive charge-transfer excited state.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Enhanced Photostability through Rapid Exciton Decay in Desymmetrized Cyclopentannulated Acenes with Strong Face-to-Face pi Stacking.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Computational Mechanisms of Photosensitization, Oxygen Trapping, and Singlet Oxygen Release of N-Substituted Bisphenalenyl Compounds.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
06:31

Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

7.2K

Enhanced basicity of an electron donor-acceptor complex.

Bernard G Stevenson1, Amanada V Prascsak2, Annemarie A Lee1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA. jswierk@binghamton.edu.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|February 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

An electron donor-acceptor complex forms between coupling partners in photoredox reactions. This complex acts as a superior base, functioning as a proton acceptor in the α-aminoarylation reaction.

More Related Videos

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
09:00

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Published on: April 16, 2018

10.1K
Real-time Monitoring of Ligand-receptor Interactions with Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
12:23

Real-time Monitoring of Ligand-receptor Interactions with Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Published on: August 20, 2012

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
06:31

Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

7.2K
Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
09:00

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Published on: April 16, 2018

10.1K
Real-time Monitoring of Ligand-receptor Interactions with Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
12:23

Real-time Monitoring of Ligand-receptor Interactions with Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Published on: August 20, 2012

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Photoredox Catalysis
  • Reaction Mechanisms

Background:

  • The α-aminoarylation reaction is a crucial transformation in organic synthesis.
  • Understanding the role of bases and intermediates is essential for optimizing reaction conditions.
  • Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes can influence reaction pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and properties of an EDA complex between 1,4-dicyanobenzene and N-phenylpyrrolidine.
  • To determine the role of this EDA complex in the α-aminoarylation photoredox reaction.
  • To compare the basicity of the EDA complex with related compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Computational calculations (e.g., DFT) to study electronic properties and interactions.
  • Spectroscopic methods to characterize the EDA complex.
  • Kinetic studies and reaction monitoring to elucidate the reaction mechanism.

Main Results:

  • An EDA complex was successfully formed between 1,4-dicyanobenzene and N-phenylpyrrolidine.
  • Experimental and computational data confirmed the EDA complex is a stronger base than N-phenylpyrroline.
  • Re-analysis of the α-aminoarylation reaction indicated the EDA complex acts as a proton acceptor.

Conclusions:

  • The EDA complex plays a significant role in the α-aminoarylation photoredox reaction.
  • The EDA complex's enhanced basicity influences its function as a proton acceptor.
  • This finding provides a deeper mechanistic understanding of photoredox reactions involving EDA complexes.