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Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Dual-Function Life Expectancy.

Shawn Bauldry^1,2, Patricia A Thomas^1,2, Madison R Sauerteig-Rolston^1,2

¹Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

|February 17, 2023

Summary

Racial-ethnic minorities experience significant disparities in dual functionality, impacting their quality of life in older age. This study introduces dual-function life expectancy (2FLE) to quantify these inequalities in aging.

Keywords:

Cognitive function Health disparities Independent living Physical function Quality of life

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Public Health
Health Disparities

Background:

Introduces the concept of dual functionality, integrating physical and cognitive health.
Highlights the need to assess racial-ethnic inequalities in aging processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To define and measure dual-function life expectancy (2FLE).
To examine racial-ethnic disparities in 2FLE among older adults.

Main Methods:

Defined dual functionality as no limitations in daily activities and absence of dementia.
Utilized data from the National Health Interview Survey and Health and Retirement Study.
Employed Sullivan life tables to estimate life expectancy and 2FLE from age 50.

Main Results:

At ages 50-54, dual functionality was lower in Black, foreign-born Hispanic, and U.S.-born Hispanic individuals compared to White individuals.
Significant racial-ethnic disparities in dual functionality persist through older ages.
The Black-White gap in age-50 2FLE was substantial, reaching 6.9 years for women and 6.0 years for men.

Conclusions:

Racial-ethnic minority older adults live a smaller proportion of their remaining years with dual functionality.
These findings underscore stark racial-ethnic inequalities in aging.
Disparities have significant implications for quality of life, caregiving needs, and healthcare.