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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Bio-Based Poly(hydroxy urethane)s for Efficient Organic High-Power Energy Storage.

Florian Le Goupil1, Victor Salvado1, Valère Rothan1

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO UMR 5629), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Bordeaux INP, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fully bio-based poly(hydroxy urethane)s offer a sustainable solution for energy storage. These materials provide high energy density and efficiency, comparable to petrochemical alternatives, paving the way for greener technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Sustainable energy sources require efficient energy storage to manage intermittence.
  • Organic polymers are explored as scalable and green dielectrics for high-power capacitors.
  • Existing materials often rely on petrochemical sources, highlighting the need for bio-based alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize fully bio-based poly(hydroxy urethane)s (PHUs) for high-performance energy storage applications.
  • To evaluate the dielectric properties, including permittivity and breakdown strength, of the synthesized PHUs.
  • To assess the energy storage performance and efficiency of bio-based PHUs as capacitor dielectrics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of bio-based PHUs by reacting erythritol dicarbonate with bio-based diamines.
  • Characterization of PHU properties: glass transition temperature (Tg), permittivity (εr), breakdown strength (EB), and dielectric loss (tan δ).
  • Evaluation of energy storage performance, including discharge energy density (Ue) and discharge efficiency (η).

Main Results:

  • Synthesized fully bio-based PHUs with a glass transition temperature (Tg) around 50 °C.
  • Achieved high permittivity (εr > 8) and breakdown strength (EB > 400 MV·m⁻¹).
  • Demonstrated low dielectric losses (tan δ < 0.03) and high discharge energy density (Ue > 6 J·cm⁻³).
  • Exhibited excellent discharge efficiency (η = 85% at EB, up to 91% at 0.5 EB).

Conclusions:

  • Bio-based PHUs exhibit promising dielectric properties for high-power capacitor applications.
  • The synthesized PHUs offer energy storage performance comparable to petrochemical-based materials.
  • These bio-based materials represent a sustainable and efficient route for green energy storage solutions.