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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

Published on: November 26, 2013

An FGF timer for zygotic genome activation.

Nicholas Treen¹, Emily Chavarria², Claire J Weaver²

¹Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA; ntreen@princeton.edu.

Genes & Development

|February 21, 2023

Summary

In Ciona, two Prdm1 genes are the earliest to respond to FGF signaling. This FGF signaling timer, driven by ERK, shows a sharp transition in responsiveness at the 8- to 16-cell stage.

Keywords:

Ciona developmental biology zygotic genome activation

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Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Chordate Embryogenesis
Gene Regulation

Background:

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) timing is crucial for early embryogenesis.
Precise ZGA timing mechanisms remain poorly understood in many model organisms.
Chordates offer a unique system to study conserved developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the precise timing of zygotic gene activation in the chordate Ciona.
To identify the earliest responding genes to Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling.
To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying FGF signaling-mediated timing.

Main Methods:

High-resolution in situ hybridization for gene detection.
Genetic and experimental manipulations in Ciona embryos.
Analysis of gene expression patterns with minute-scale temporal resolution.

Main Results:

Two Prdm1 homologs were identified as the earliest FGF-responsive genes.
A novel FGF timing mechanism involving ERK-mediated derepression of ERF was uncovered.
ERF depletion led to ectopic activation of FGF target genes.
A sharp transition in FGF responsiveness was observed between the 8- and 16-cell stages.

Conclusions:

The identified FGF timing mechanism is a potential innovation of chordates.
This mechanism may be conserved and utilized by vertebrates.
Understanding ZGA timing provides insights into fundamental developmental processes.