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António M M Rodrigues1,2,3, Jessica L Barker4,5,6, Elva J H Robinson7

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Intergroup cooperation is rare in animals. Localized dispersal, rather than long-distance, favors the evolution of cooperation and conflict between social groups, but this can be unstable.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Behavioral ecology
  • Social dynamics

Background:

  • Sociality is common in animals, with cooperative within-group interactions.
  • Intergroup interactions are typically characterized by conflict or tolerance, with rare instances of cooperation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate why intergroup cooperation is rare in animals.
  • To identify conditions that favor the evolution of intergroup cooperation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a model incorporating intra- and intergroup relationships.
  • Included local and long-distance dispersal modes in the model.
  • Analyzed the influence of dispersal on social structure and interaction patterns.

Main Results:

  • Dispersal modes are pivotal in shaping intergroup interactions.
  • Localized dispersal favors the evolution of aggression, tolerance, and cooperation between groups.
  • Ecological impacts of intergroup relationships can create feedback loops affecting their own evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Intergroup cooperation evolves under specific, potentially unstable conditions.
  • Findings align with empirical observations in ants and primates.
  • Dispersal strategies significantly influence the evolution of social structures and intergroup dynamics.