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Multispecies collective waving behaviour in fish.

Juliane Lukas1,2, Jens Krause1,2,3, Arabella Sophie Träger1

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.

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|February 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mixed-species fish shoals use collective dives to deter predators. However, less responsive species can reduce the effectiveness of this antipredator behavior, impacting group survival.

Keywords:
Gambusia eurystomaPoecilia sulphurariacollective behaviourcollective wavesmixed-speciespredator–prey

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Behaviour

Background:

  • Collective behaviour in animal groups offers antipredator benefits.
  • Mixed-species groups provide insights into the evolution of collective behaviour.
  • Fish shoals performing collective dives create waves to deter predators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanistic and functional aspects of collective behaviour in mixed-species fish shoals.
  • To understand how phenotypic variation within a group influences collective antipredator strategies.
  • To examine the impact of species composition on the effectiveness of collective dives.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments were conducted on mixed-species shoals of sulphur molly (Poecilia sulphuraria) and widemouth gambusia (Gambusia eurystoma).
  • Fish behaviour was observed and quantified following simulated predator attacks.
  • The diving response of each species and its influence on the other species were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Gambusia were significantly less likely to dive compared to mollies.
  • Mollies dived less deep when in mixed shoals with non-diving gambusia.
  • Gambusia behaviour was not affected by the presence of diving mollies.
  • The proportion of non-diving gambusia negatively impacted the collective diving behaviour of the shoal.

Conclusions:

  • Individual variation in response within a mixed-species group can significantly alter collective behaviour.
  • Less responsive individuals can reduce the efficacy of group-level antipredator adaptations.
  • This study highlights the evolutionary consequences of integrating phenotypic variation into collective defence strategies.