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Related Concept Videos

Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy01:16

Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy

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Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

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Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

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Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining.
494
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

242
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

638
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
638
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

425
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability
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Is Helicobacter pylori Anyway Pathogen in Children?

Marco Manfredi1, Pierpacifico Gismondi2, Silvia Iuliano3

  • 1Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Maternal and Child Department, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Castelnovo ne Monti, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing
|February 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection poses challenges for pediatric care. Current evidence suggests H. pylori may be pathogenic in children, warranting treatment considerations, especially in Eastern countries.

Keywords:
Helicobacter pyloriadolescencechildreninfectionmanagement

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection presents diagnostic and treatment challenges, with differing international guidelines for adults and children.
  • Pediatric guidelines are often more restrictive due to lower incidence of severe consequences in Western countries.
  • Recent research indicates a broader pathological role for H. pylori, even in asymptomatic children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current evidence regarding H. pylori infection in children.
  • To discuss the potential for treating H. pylori in pre-adolescent children, particularly in Eastern countries.
  • To re-evaluate the pathogenic role of H. pylori in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current international guidelines for H. pylori diagnosis and treatment in children.
  • Analysis of recent studies on the pathological role of H. pylori in pediatric populations.
  • Consideration of emerging evidence on gastric damage biomarkers in children.

Main Results:

  • International guidelines for pediatric H. pylori management are more conservative than for adults.
  • H. pylori infection is increasingly recognized for its pathological role in children, including asymptomatic cases.
  • Biomarkers of gastric damage are developing in pre-adolescent children's stomachs.

Conclusions:

  • H. pylori-infected children may benefit from treatment starting in pre-adolescence, especially in Eastern countries.
  • The study supports the view that H. pylori is pathogenic in children.
  • The potential beneficial role of H. pylori in humans remains an area for further investigation.