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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Clinical phage microbiology: a narrative summary.

Gina A Suh1, Robin Patel2

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Phage therapy shows promise for antimicrobial resistance but requires better diagnostics. Current phage microbiology assays need standardization and further development to bridge the gap between lab results and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
BiofilmsPhage susceptibility testingPhagesTherapeutic monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Therapeutics

Background:

  • Phage therapy is gaining interest due to rising antimicrobial resistance and biofilm infections.
  • Clinical success of phage therapy is inconsistent due to factors like narrow host range and immune response.
  • Microbiologic assays are crucial for guiding phage therapy and improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of clinical phage microbiology.
  • To identify existing gaps in phage diagnostic methods.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted on PubMed.
  • Keywords included "phage microbiology", "phage susceptibility test", "phage host range", "phage biofilm", and "phage therapeutic monitoring".

Main Results:

  • Current phage diagnostics include susceptibility testing, biofilm assays, and combination testing.
  • Standardization of assays and understanding their clinical application are needed.
  • There is a gap between in vitro findings and in vivo outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed in phage pharmacokinetics and in vivo modeling.
  • Understanding complex interactions between phages, antibiotics, bacteria, and the immune system is essential.
  • Advancing phage diagnostics is key to improving clinical phage therapy outcomes.