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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
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Sex differences in neuromuscular disorders.

Claudia Vinciguerra1, Salvatore Iacono2, Liliana Bevilacqua1

  • 1Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, Italy.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sex differences significantly impact neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), affecting prevalence, onset, and severity. This review explores these biological factors in both inherited and acquired NMDs.

Keywords:
GenderGenetic factorsHormonesNeuromuscular DisordersSex

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) exhibit significant sex-based variations in prevalence, onset, and clinical progression.
  • These differences are observed in both inherited and acquired NMD forms, influenced by genetic and hormonal factors.
  • Certain NMDs are more common in females, potentially worsening during pregnancy, while others manifest earlier in males with variable progression.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current literature to elucidate sex-related differences in NMDs.
  • It focuses on the distinct biological roles contributing to varied clinical phenotypes.
  • The analysis covers both acquired and inherited forms of neuromuscular disorders.

Key Points:

  • Genetic inheritance plays a primary role in sex differences for many NMDs.
  • Hormonal and genetic factors contribute to disparities in acquired NMDs.
  • Pregnancy can exacerbate certain NMDs predominantly seen in females.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sex differences is crucial for diagnosing and managing NMDs effectively.
  • Biological factors, including genetics and hormones, significantly shape NMD clinical presentations.
  • Further research into sex-specific mechanisms can lead to tailored therapeutic strategies.