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Sex/gender-related differences in inflammaging.

Fabiola Olivieri1, Francesca Marchegiani2, Giulia Matacchione3

  • 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Geroscience views aging mechanisms as key to age-related diseases. This review explores sex/gender differences in inflammaging, a process linking aging and disease, impacting health outcomes.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCOVID-19InflammagingLife expectancySex

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Area of Science:

  • Geroscience
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Geroscience posits aging mechanisms drive age-related diseases, offering a unified approach over individual disease study.
  • Women have longer life expectancy but greater functional impairment; understanding gender differences in multimorbidity is crucial.
  • Inflammaging, an age-dependent immune system dysregulation, is central to aging and age-related diseases.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes evidence on sex/gender differences in inflammaging mechanisms.
  • It examines age-related immune system changes: innate and adaptive immunity, and cellular senescence.
  • Biomarkers of inflammaging with sex-related differences are highlighted.

Key Points:

  • Sex/gender disparities exist in the immune system's aging processes, contributing to differential disease susceptibility.
  • Inflammaging mechanisms, including immune cell changes and senescence, are influenced by sex and gender.
  • Specific inflammaging biomarkers exhibit sex-based variations.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sex/gender differences in inflammaging is vital for addressing health disparities and multimorbidity.
  • This knowledge is critical within the "gender medicine perspective" for personalized health strategies.
  • Differences in inflammaging may explain sex disparities in severe COVID-19 outcomes.