Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

12.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
12.1K
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

4.3K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
4.3K
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

45.1K
Overview
45.1K
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

2.2K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
2.2K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

403
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
403
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

129
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
129

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Cognitive function, brain MRI characteristics and their association with blood phenylalanine levels in patients with phenylketonuria].

Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

[Mid-to long-term efficacy of drug-eluting stents for vertebral artery ostial stenosis].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi·2026
Same author

[Human infection with <i>Gongylonema pulchrum</i>: a case report and review of relevant literature during the recent 10 years].

Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control·2025
Same author

[Preliminary study on the significance of serum thyroid antibody in the selection of treatment for oral lichen planus].

Zhonghua kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Zhonghua kouqiang yixue zazhi = Chinese journal of stomatology·2025
Same author

Application of a Social Vulnerability Index and Its Associations with Physical Frailty and Disability in a Cross-sectional Study of Older Kenyan Women Living with and without HIV.

The Journal of frailty & aging·2024
Same author

[Bacterial community diversity in human <i>Demodex</i> mites].

Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control·2024
Same journal

Sensor-derived multidimensional gait domains mediate the association between intrinsic capacity impairment and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026
Same journal

Exercise-induced change in FGF21 and adiponectin and their association with metabolic syndrome in older women: a randomized controlled trial.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Probable respiratory sarcopenia trajectories and the risk of incident chronic diseases: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study" [J Nutr Health Aging, 30 (2026) 100903].

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026
Same journal

Associations of sarcopenia with the risk of incident respiratory disease and the role of inflammation and metabolism: a prospective cohort study.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study" [J Nutr Health Aging, 29 (2025) 100556].

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026
Same journal

Association between living arrangements in early old age and subsequent trajectories of protein intake among older adults in China.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
05:53

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Published on: July 24, 2013

16.7K

Frailty Reduces Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Test-Negative Case Control Study Using National

F Tang1, I S Hammel, M K Andrew

  • 1Fei Tang, Ph.D., Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Miami VA Healthcare System, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL, USA, 33125, Email: fei.tang@va.gov, Phone: 305-575-3388.

The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

mRNA vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection was lower in frail U.S. veterans. Frailty status impacts COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, highlighting the need for tailored vaccine strategies.

Keywords:
COVID-19FrailtySARS-CoV-2 Infectionvaccine effectiveness

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Assessing Surgical Frailty with Point-of-Care Ultrasound of Quadriceps Muscles
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing Surgical Frailty with Point-of-Care Ultrasound of Quadriceps Muscles

Published on: July 26, 2024

602
Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
05:53

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Published on: July 24, 2013

16.7K
Author Spotlight: Assessing Surgical Frailty with Point-of-Care Ultrasound of Quadriceps Muscles
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing Surgical Frailty with Point-of-Care Ultrasound of Quadriceps Muscles

Published on: July 26, 2024

602
Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • The Delta variant surge necessitated understanding vaccine effectiveness across diverse populations.
  • Frailty is a significant geriatric condition impacting health outcomes and potentially vaccine response.
  • U.S. veterans represent a unique demographic with specific health considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the variation in mRNA vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta wave among U.S. veterans.
  • To evaluate the influence of frailty status on vaccine effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • A test-negative case-control study design was employed.
  • Data were collected from U.S. veterans aged 19+ tested for SARS-CoV-2 at VHA medical centers between July 25 and September 30, 2021.
  • Frailty was measured using the VA frailty index and categorized into robust, pre-frail, and frail groups.

Main Results:

  • mRNA vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta wave was lower in frail veterans (62.8%) compared to pre-frail (73.9%) and robust (77.0%) veterans.
  • A total of 58,604 veterans were included, with 24.9% categorized as frail.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection declines with increasing frailty.
  • Frailty status should be considered in the design, development, and evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines.
  • These findings underscore the importance of personalized approaches to vaccination strategies for vulnerable populations.