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Speech waveform envelope cues for consonant recognition.

D J Van Tasell1, S D Soli, V M Kirby

  • 1Department of Communication Disorders, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|October 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Speech envelopes, crucial for consonant recognition, were studied using noise stimuli. Enhanced envelope bandwidth significantly improved consonant identification, suggesting visual cues can aid auditory perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception
  • Speech processing
  • Acoustic phonetics

Background:

  • Consonant recognition relies on various speech cues.
  • The role of the time-intensity envelope in speech perception is not fully understood.
  • Spectral information is traditionally considered vital for distinguishing consonants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate consonant recognition cues within the speech time-intensity envelope.
  • To determine the impact of envelope bandwidth on consonant identification.
  • To explore the combination of envelope-derived features (envemes) and visual features (visemes) for consonant discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Normal-hearing subjects listened to spectrally identical noise stimuli modulated by speech envelopes.

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  • Speech envelopes were created using different low-pass filter cutoffs (20, 200, 2000 Hz).
  • SINDSCAL multidimensional scaling analyzed consonant confusion data to identify envelope features.

    • Main Results:

    • Consonant identification performance was above chance across all tested envelope bandwidths.
    • Performance significantly improved with increased envelope bandwidth from 20 Hz to 200 Hz.
    • Three distinct speech envelope features ('envemes') were identified, grouping 19 consonants into four categories.

    Conclusions:

    • The time-intensity envelope of speech contains significant cues for consonant recognition.
    • Envelope bandwidth is critical for effective consonant identification.
    • Combining 'envemes' with 'visemes' (visual speech features) can achieve high consonant identification accuracy, even without spectral information.