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Related Concept Videos

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Computational investigation of IP3 diffusion.

Roberto Ornelas-Guevara1, Diana Gil2, Valérie Voorsluijs3

  • 1Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP231, Brussels, Belgium.

Scientific Reports
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) diffusion in cells is slower than previously thought. Computational analysis suggests IP3 diffusion is moderately reduced, likely due to buffering by IP3 receptors.

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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Calcium Signaling

Background:

  • Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is crucial for calcium signaling, mediating diffusion from production sites to the endoplasmic reticulum.
  • In vitro studies suggested a high IP3 diffusion coefficient (~280 μm²s⁻¹), implying global messenger behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the in vivo diffusion coefficient of IP3 using computational modeling.
  • To reconcile discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo IP3 diffusion measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Computational analysis of existing in vivo data on localized calcium (Ca2+) increases.
  • Utilized a stochastic model simulating Ca2+ puffs to analyze IP3 diffusion dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Simulations indicated an effective IP3 diffusion coefficient of approximately 100 μm²s⁻¹, a moderate reduction from in vitro estimates.
  • This reduced diffusion aligns with buffering effects from inactive IP3 receptors.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum structure had minimal impact, but cell geometry (1D-like) significantly influenced IP3 spreading.

Conclusions:

  • Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate diffusion in intact cells is moderately hindered, not globally propagated as previously assumed.
  • Buffering by IP3 receptors is a key factor limiting IP3 diffusion.
  • Cellular geometry can significantly modulate IP3 signal propagation.