Concomitant aortic root replacement during frozen elephant trunk implantation does not increase perioperative risk

Our aim was to evaluate the risk of concomitant aortic root replacement during frozen elephant trunk (FET) total arch replacement.

Between March 2013 and February 2021, 303 patients underwent aortic arch replacement using the FET technique. Patient characteristics, intra- and postoperative data were compared between patients with (n = 50) and without (n = 253) concomitant aortic root replacement (implantation of a valved conduit or using the reimplantation valve-sparing technique) after propensity score matching.

After propensity score matching, there were no statistically significant differences in preoperative characteristics including the underlying pathology. There was no statistically significant difference regarding arterial inflow-cannulation or concomitant cardiac procedures, while cardiopulmonary bypass (P < 0.001) and aortic cross-clamp (P < 0.001) times were significantly longer in the root replacement group. Postoperative outcome was similar between the groups and there were no proximal reoperations in the root replacement group during follow-up. Root replacement was not predictive for mortality (P = 0.133, odds ratio: 0.291) in our Cox regression model. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (log rank: P = 0.062).

Concomitant FET implantation and aortic root replacement prolongs operative times but does not influence postoperative outcomes or increase operative risk in an experienced high-volume centre. The FET procedure did not appear to be a contraindication for concomitant aortic root replacement even in patients with borderline indications for aortic root replacement.