Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

1.9K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
1.9K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

604
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
604
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

712
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
712
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

1.2K
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
1.2K
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

2.0K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
2.0K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

964
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
964

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantitative Mapping of the Lipid Nanoenvironment around Transmembrane Proteins in Living Cells.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Refractive Index Mapping below the Diffraction Limit via Single Molecule Localization Microscopy.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

Single-molecule FRET and tracking of transfected biomolecules in living cells.

Biophysical journal·2025
Same author

Cell membrane cholesterol affects serotonin transporter efflux due to altered transporter oligomerization.

Molecular psychiatry·2025
Same author

CD4+T-cells create a stable mechanical environment for force-sensitive TCR:pMHC interactions.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Joint estimation of point spread function and molecule positions in SMLM informed from multiple planes.

Biomedical optics express·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

11.5K

T-cell antigen recognition: catch-as-catch-can or catch-22?

Johannes B Huppa1, Gerhard J Schütz2

  • 1Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

The EMBO Journal
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Tensile forces reduce the lifetime of stimulatory T-cell receptor interactions more than non-stimulatory ones, hindering T-cell antigen discrimination. Force-shielding via cell adhesion promotes accurate T-cell recognition.

More Related Videos

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

13.1K
Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers
09:15

Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers

Published on: July 19, 2024

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

11.5K
Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

13.1K
Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers
09:15

Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers

Published on: July 19, 2024

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biophysics

Background:

  • T-cell antigen recognition relies on T-cell receptors (TCRs) binding peptide/MHC complexes.
  • Tensile forces applied to TCRs during binding influence recognition outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how mechanical forces affect the stability and discrimination of T-cell receptor interactions.
  • To explore the role of force-shielding in the immunological synapse for T-cell antigen discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of TCR-pMHC interactions under varying tensile forces.
  • Investigating the contribution of cell adhesion molecules (CD2/CD58, LFA-1/ICAM-1) to force-shielding.

Main Results:

  • Forces disproportionately reduce the lifetime of stimulatory TCR-pMHC interactions compared to non-stimulatory ones.
  • Cell adhesion-mediated force-shielding within the immunological synapse enhances T-cell antigen discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical forces impede T-cell antigen discrimination by destabilizing key interactions.
  • Force-shielding mechanisms are crucial for accurate T-cell recognition and immune response initiation.