A Revised Nomenclature for ToxA Haplotypes Across Multiple Fungal Species
Reem Aboukhaddour1, Mohamed Hafez1, Megan McDonald2
1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract:
ToxA is one of the most studied proteinaceous necrotrophic effectors produced by plant pathogens. It has been identified in four pathogens (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Parastagonospora nodorum, Parastagonospora pseudonodorum [formerly Parastagonospora avenaria f. sp. tritici], and Bipolaris sorokiniana) causing leaf spot diseases on cereals worldwide. To date, 24 different ToxA haplotypes have been identified. Some P. tritici-repentis and related species also express ToxB, another small protein necrotrophic effector. We present here a revised and standardized nomenclature for these effectors, which could be extended to other poly-haplotypic genes found across multiple species.
Related Concept Videos
Modern Molecular Taxonomy
Applications of Molecular Taxonomy
Fungal Group Zygomycota
Microbial Classification System
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota


