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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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Stem cell programming - prospects for perinatal medicine.

Lea J Berg1, Oliver Brüstle1

  • 1Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Journal of Perinatal Medicine
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are advancing cell programming to create human organoids in vitro for better disease modeling and drug discovery. This overview examines cell programming technologies for nervous system disorders and perinatal medicine.

Keywords:
cellular reprogramming techniquesdisease modelsregenerative medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Recreating human cell and organ systems in vitro holds significant promise for advancing medical research and therapies.
  • The field of cell programming has seen rapid development, offering new avenues for in vitro modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in cell programming technologies.
  • To analyze the benefits and drawbacks of these technologies for nervous system disorders.
  • To assess their potential impact on perinatal medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cell programming advancements.
  • Analysis of cell programming technologies' applications in neuroscience.
  • Evaluation of their relevance to perinatal medicine.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been achieved in cell programming, enabling more sophisticated in vitro models.
  • Various cell programming technologies offer distinct advantages and limitations for studying nervous system disorders.
  • The impact on perinatal medicine is a key area for future exploration.

Conclusions:

  • Cell programming is a rapidly advancing field with transformative potential for disease modeling and drug discovery.
  • Understanding the nuances of different cell programming technologies is crucial for their effective application in neuroscience and perinatal medicine.
  • Further research is needed to fully harness the capabilities of cell programming for clinical applications.