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Amorphous entangled active matter.

William Savoie1, Harry Tuazon2, Ishant Tiwari2

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Researchers explored how shape-changing smarticles and living worm blobs create emergent materials. Modifying particle shape significantly enhances entanglement and tensile strength in these active soft matter systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Amorphous entangled systems from soft and active materials offer potential for novel 'smart' materials.
  • Understanding the global mechanics emerging from local particle interactions is crucial but challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergent properties of amorphous entangled systems using both simulated 'smarticles' and living worm blobs.
  • To explore how different forcing protocols influence the material properties of entangled collectives.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of u-shaped particles ('smarticles') under various entanglement control methods: external oscillations, shape-changes, and internal oscillations.
  • Observing emergent behaviors in living entangled aggregates of *Lumbriculus variegatus* (worm blobs).
  • Correlating individual worm activity with ambient dissolved oxygen levels to control collective behavior.

Main Results:

  • Large-amplitude shape changes in smarticles significantly increased entanglement and tensile strength, dependent on aspect ratio.
  • Living worm blobs exhibited complex emergent properties like solid-like entanglement and tumbling, controllable via dissolved oxygen.
  • Demonstrated the dynamic alteration of material properties in entangled systems.

Conclusions:

  • Shape modulation is a key principle for dynamically controlling material properties in soft robotic and emergent super-material systems.
  • The study advances understanding of living entangled materials and inspires synthetic counterparts.
  • Findings provide insights into designing future shape-shifting, task-capable smart materials.