Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.1K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.1K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

4.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.8K
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

2.3K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

New Neuroendocrine Markers PITX2, PHOX2B, and HAND2 Do Not Offer Diagnostic Utility in Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsies of Primary and Secondary Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas: A Retrospective Multi-institutional Study.

Journal of clinical and translational pathology·2026
Same author

The Development Path of Gynecological Cytology after Papanicolaou: from Bethesda to Artificial Intelligence and Personalized Medicine.

Acta cytologica·2026
Same author

Cytopathology Terminology Systems: European Federation of Cytological Societies Survey on Practice in Europe.

Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology·2026
Same author

Persistent human papillomavirus following mild cytology at screening: implications for age-stratified follow-up and triage.

European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP)·2026
Same author

Navigating the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology in pericardial effusion: A meta-analysis.

Cancer cytopathology·2026
Same author

International Consensus Guidelines for Diagnostic Criteria and Checklist for Future Studies for Minimally Invasive Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma: An HN CLEAR Initiative.

Head and neck pathology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

25.7K

Ectopic thyroid in EBUS: experience from a quality assurance programme.

Antti Vuorisalo1,2, Erkka Tommola1, Pia Eloranta3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Distinguishing ectopic thyroid tissue from metastatic cancer in lymph nodes is challenging. External quality assessments reveal significant variability in laboratory diagnoses, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary evaluation.

Keywords:
EBUS-TBNAQuality assurancecytologyectopic tissuethyroid gland

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

700
High-Resolution Ultrasonography for the Analysis of Orthotopic ATC Tumors in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model
03:41

High-Resolution Ultrasonography for the Analysis of Orthotopic ATC Tumors in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model

Published on: October 11, 2022

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

25.7K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

700
High-Resolution Ultrasonography for the Analysis of Orthotopic ATC Tumors in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model
03:41

High-Resolution Ultrasonography for the Analysis of Orthotopic ATC Tumors in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model

Published on: October 11, 2022

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cytopathology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Diagnostic Oncology

Background:

  • Differentiating ectopic thyroid tissue from metastatic follicular carcinoma in mediastinal lymph nodes presents a diagnostic challenge.
  • Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is used to sample mediastinal lymph nodes.
  • External quality assurance programs assess laboratory performance in cytological diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate diagnostic accuracy and interlaboratory variability in identifying ectopic thyroid tissue versus metastatic carcinoma in mediastinal lymph nodes.
  • To analyze diagnostic pitfalls and classification terminologies in cytological specimens.
  • To emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing such cases.

Main Methods:

  • Two cases of thyroid tissue in mediastinal lymph nodes were presented in external quality assurance rounds (2017, 2019, 2020).
  • A total of 112 laboratories participated, utilizing whole-slide scanned and digital still images of Papanicolaou-stained cytospin specimens.
  • Diagnostic classifications and inter/intralaboratory agreement were statistically analyzed using Pap classes and Cohen's kappa.

Main Results:

  • Significant variability was observed in Pap class assignments and diagnoses among participating laboratories.
  • Only 22.6% of laboratories assigned the same Pap class in both 2017 and 2020; 39.6% provided the same diagnosis.
  • A notable proportion of laboratories (18.9%) shifted diagnoses from malignant to benign, and 20.8% from benign to malignant between rounds.

Conclusions:

  • The expert reference diagnosis for the presented cases was ectopic thyroid tissue in mediastinal lymph nodes.
  • Distinguishing ectopic thyroid tissue from neoplastic lesions requires a comprehensive approach including cytomorphology, immunohistochemistry, laboratory tests, and imaging.
  • High inter- and intralaboratory variability underscores the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and multidisciplinary collaboration.