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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
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Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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Isolated thyroid abscess in early childhood.

Lekhya Venkataraman1, Prasanna Kumar Saravanam2, Sathish Kumar Jayagandhi3

  • 1ENT, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Lekhs1990@gmail.com.

BMJ Case Reports
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Isolated thyroid abscess is a rare childhood condition. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, including antibiotics and drainage, led to a child

Keywords:
Ear, nose and throatInfectionsPaediatrics (drugs and medicines)Pathology

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Thyroid abscess, or acute suppurative thyroiditis, is an uncommon thyroid disorder, accounting for 0.7%-1% of all thyroid cases.
  • The thyroid gland possesses natural defenses against infection, including a protective capsule, robust blood supply, and high iodine content.

Observation:

  • A pediatric case presented with fever and tender neck swelling.
  • Initial ultrasound suggested a parapharyngeal abscess, but contrast-enhanced CT confirmed an isolated thyroid abscess.
  • Thyroid function tests were within normal limits.

Findings:

  • Intravenous antibiotics and subsequent incision and drainage were initiated for the isolated thyroid abscess.
  • The child demonstrated symptomatic improvement following treatment.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering and accurately diagnosing rare pediatric thyroid abscesses.
  • Effective management involves prompt antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage.
  • Further discussion on differential diagnosis and management strategies for this rare entity is warranted.