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MALIGNANT TUMORS IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION OF UKRAINE: TRENDS AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES
A F Shipko1, Z P Fedorenko1, A Yu Ryzhov2
1National Cancer Institute, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
Insights
Cancer surveillance in Ukrainian children reveals increasing leukemia and CNS tumor incidence. Mortality trends vary by cancer type and gender, with decreases in some leukemias and lymphomas but increases in CNS tumors and sarcomas.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Cancer Epidemiology
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- Establishing a central cancer patient information bank in Ukraine enables objective data collection and continuous surveillance for childhood cancers.
- The International Classification of Childhood Cancer, 3rd revision (ICCC-3), provides a standardized framework for classifying and analyzing pediatric malignancies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the dynamics of cancer incidence and mortality in the Ukrainian child population from 1989 to 2019.
- To identify trends in major childhood cancer groups, including leukemia, lymphomas, CNS tumors, and sarcomas, using ICCC-3 classification.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 31,537 Ukrainian patients aged 0-19 years at diagnosis (1989-2019) was analyzed.
- Cancer incidence (1989-2019) and mortality (1999-2019) data were analyzed using the ICCC-3 classification.
Main Results:
- Leukemia, lymphomas, CNS tumors, and soft tissue sarcomas are major childhood malignancies in Ukraine.
- Incidence trends show increases in leukemia, CNS neoplasms, and epithelial malignancies, with decreases in lymphomas and bone neoplasms.
- Mortality patterns indicate a decrease in leukemia and lymphoma deaths in males, but an increase in CNS neoplasms, neuroblastoma, soft tissue sarcomas, and germ cell tumors for both genders.
Conclusions:
- Epidemiological data analysis using ICCC-3 in Ukraine's National Cancer Registry allows evaluation of pediatric cancer incidence and mortality trends.
- Understanding these trends, considering tumor type, location, gender, and age, is crucial for public health strategies and cancer control in children.
Abstract:
The creation of a central bank of personalized information of cancer patients, including children, allowed to obtain objective data and establish continuous cancer surveillance in the child population in Ukraine. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of cancer incidence (1989-2019) and mortality (1999-2019) based on the 3rd revision of International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3).
Materials And Methods:
A study cohort includes 31,537 patients aged 0-19 years at the time of diagnosis in 1989-2019, registered in Ukrainian population.
Results:
The major groups of malignancies in the child population are presented by leukemia, lymphomas, central nervous system (CNS) tumors, epithelial neoplasms, bone cancer and soft tissues sarcomas. There were observed no gender differences in cancer incidence, except germ cell tumors and trophoblastic tumors, gonadal malignancies, as well as some other malignant epithelial neoplasms, with their proportion being twice higher in the female population. Our analysis showed a trend towards increase in the incidence of leukemia, CNS neoplasms, neuroblastoma, trophoblastic tumors and epithelial malignancies; decrease in the incidence of lymphomas and bone neoplasms; stabilization in the incidence of malignancies of liver and kidneys. The dynamic changes in cancer mortality in the studied cohort were observed, namely, the decrease of mortality from leukemias and lymphomas in males (but not in females), along with the increase of mortality from CNS neoplasms, neuroblastoma, soft tissues sarcomas and germ cell tumors, regardless of gender.
Conclusions:
The analysis and presentation of the epidemiological data on children's malignancies implementing ICCC-3 classification for all relevant records in the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine allows for evaluating the major trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Ukrainian pediatric population, taking into account tumor morphology, topography, gender and age.
