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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
67

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Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer
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Vertical Hydrologic Exchange Flows Control Methane Emissions from Riverbed Sediments.

Kewei Chen1, Xingyuan Chen2, James C Stegen2

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|February 22, 2023
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Summary

Vertical hydrologic exchange flows (VHEFs) control methane emissions from riverbeds. These flows influence methane production and oxidation by altering oxygen levels and transport, explaining complex emission patterns.

Keywords:
microbial-explicit modelriverine CH4 emissionsediment biogeochemical cyclingtemperature hysteresisvertical hydrologic exchange flows

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Methane (CH4) emissions from inland waters are a significant but uncertain component of the global CH4 budget.
  • Riverine CH4 emissions exhibit strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity, previously linked to factors like sediment type, water level, and temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanistic drivers of CH4 flux heterogeneity in riverbed sediments.
  • To understand the role of vertical hydrologic exchange flows (VHEFs) in regulating CH4 production and emission.

Main Methods:

  • Combined field data on sediment CH4 from the Columbia River with a biogeochemical-transport model.
  • Analyzed the relationship between VHEFs and CH4 flux at the sediment-water interface.

Main Results:

  • VHEFs, driven by river stage and groundwater level differences, were identified as the primary determinant of CH4 flux.
  • CH4 flux exhibited a nonlinear response to VHEFs, with high VHEFs inhibiting CH4 production and promoting oxidation, while low VHEFs reduced advective transport.
  • VHEFs explained the hysteresis observed between temperature rise and CH4 emissions, particularly during spring snowmelt.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between VHEFs and microbial metabolic pathways governs CH4 production and emission patterns in riverbed sediments.
  • Understanding VHEFs is crucial for accurately modeling and predicting riverine CH4 emissions and their contribution to the global CH4 budget.